By – Derrick Masilela, Product Marketer

With the increase of installations of alternative energy solutions, users are often uninformed about the associated risks and solutions. Dealing with lithium-ion battery fires, for instance, requires specific strategies due to their unique and hazardous properties. Here’s an expanded view on handling these fires effectively:

Challenges with Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Ineffectiveness of Traditional Extinguishers:

• CO2 Extinguishers: While effective for electrical fires, CO2 extinguishers do not cool the fire or address the ongoing chemical reactions in lithium-ion batteries.
• Water Extinguishers: Using water on a lithium-ion battery fire can cause a violent reaction, worsening the fire due to the release of hydrogen and other dangerous compounds.
• Powder Extinguishers: These are generally less effective because they may not fully extinguish the fire and one can be overwhelmed by the intense heat and ongoing chemical reactions.

Relentless Nature of Lithium Fires:

• Extended Burning: Lithium-ion battery fires can burn for extended periods, making them challenging to control and extinguish. The high temperatures can also lead to structural damage, even in buildings not directly affected by the fire.
• Reignition Risk: Even after initial extinguishment, there is a risk of reignition. The fire may flare up again if not fully contained or if remaining hot spots are not adequately cooled.

Increased Risk with Larger Batteries:

• High Energy Density: Larger batteries used in energy storage systems or electric vehicles contain significantly more energy, which translates into higher risks of intense fires and explosions.
• Heat Generation: The massive heat output can ignite nearby materials, increasing the fire load and risk of spreading.

Toxic and Flammable Gases:

• Health Hazards: The fumes emitted from burning lithium-ion batteries include toxic substances such as hydrogen fluoride and various other hazardous compounds. These gases are flammable and pose serious health risks.
• Explosion Risk: The release of these volatile gases can lead to explosions, especially if the fire reaches an area where gases are trapped or not ventilated properly.

Best Practices for Handling Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Use Specialised Extinguishing Agents:

• Class D Extinguishers: For metal fires, including lithium, use Class D extinguishers that contain dry powder designed to handle metal fires.
• Lithium-Ion Battery Extinguishers: Look for extinguishers specifically designed for lithium-ion batteries, which are equipped with agents that can deal with the unique challenges of these fires.

Implement Cooling and Containment Measures:

• Containment: If feasible, isolate the affected battery and ensure that the area is secured to prevent the spread of the fire.
• Cooling: Use water cautiously from a safe distance or use cooling systems designed to handle high temperatures and prevent further reactions.

Prioritise Safety and Ventilation:

• Protective Gear: Ensure that all personnel involved wear appropriate PPE, including respiratory protection and heat-resistant clothing.
• Ventilation: Improve ventilation in affected areas to disperse toxic gases and reduce exposure risks.

Coordinate with Emergency Services:

• Professional Help: Always contact fire departments or emergency services for assistance. They have the training and equipment necessary to handle complex fires involving lithium-ion batteries.

Preventive Measures and Maintenance:

• Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections and maintenance of battery systems to prevent faults and reduce fire risks.
• Safe Practices: Follow best practices for battery storage, charging, and maintenance to minimise the risk of fire.

Alternative energy systems must be installed and tested by a qualified electrician

One of the biggest concerns with these systems is incorrect installation.  With the booming demand, it appears that anyone and everyone is now installing alternative energy systems.

By understanding and preparing for the specific risks associated with lithium-ion battery fires, you can improve safety and response effectiveness.

Source:

With approval of CIA